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一 | Renee 综合 卫生部通报称，过去一周（11月27日—12月3日）报告了6656例新增新冠病例，46人死亡。 Advertise with us 截至上周日午夜，有332人因感染新冠住院，其中1人在ICU病房。 On August 10, 1961, American forces for the first time spayed Agent Orange in Vietnam as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand.,Here’s a closer look into this highly toxic defoliant chemical, the use of which by the US military during the 1955-1975 Vietnam War resulted in up to one million people being disabled, according to the Red Cross of Vietnam’s estimates.,What is Agent Orange?,The defoliant derived its name from the color of the orange-striped US gallon barrels in which the chemical was shipped and stored.,It was created in 1940 and used in the United States as an agricultural defoliant, as it had the ability to kill some plants while leaving others unaffected.,Using the Defense Production Act of 1950, the US government prodded several American companies to make Agent Orange for military use. A 50:50 mixture of the herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, the defoliant contains an extremely toxic dioxin compound.,Effects of Agent Orange,A 50:50 mixture of the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Agent Orange contains the Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, the most toxic of the dioxins, classified as a human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency.,Even short-term exposure to TCDD can cause cancer, liver problems and a severe acne-like skin disease, known as chloracne. The dioxin is also linked to type 2 diabetes, immune system dysfunction, nerve disorders, muscular dysfunction, hormone disruption and heart disease.,Additionally, the chemical can cause miscarriages, spina bifida and other problems with fetal brain and nervous system development.,Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam,During the 1955-1975 Vietnam war, the first US defoliation missions were launched near the Vietnamese village of Dak To in 1961.,The goal was to remove cover and concealment used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army, so as to reveal hidden bases, communications centers and potential targets, and to improve visibility in tracking troop movements.,More than 13 million gallons (about 59 million liters) of Agent Orange was used by the US military in Vietnam, or almost two-thirds of the total amount of herbicides used during the entire Vietnam War.,The chemical was available in slightly different mixtures, sometimes referred to as Agent Orange I, Agent Orange II, Agent Orange III and “Super Orange”.,End of Agent Orange?,In 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) urged the Pentagon to end its use of herbicides containing dioxin, specifically Agent Orange, something that the Department of Defense (DoD) eventually did.,Even so, the defoliation campaign continued, with the US military switching to Agent White, a chemical herbicide that did not contain the dioxin contaminant.,In May 1970, the US Air Force (USAF) flew its last defoliation mission, and almost a year later, the DoD announced that all crop destruction missions would also cease.,The remaining 2.22 million gallons of Agent Orange were moved by the USAF to Johnston Island Atoll in the South Pacific, where they were incinerated.,Legacy,The Vietnamese government said that up to four million people in the country were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as three million people had suffered illness because of the defoliant.,The Vietnam Red Cross in turn pointed out that the defoliant had affected at least 150,000 children, and that babies in Vietnam are still being born with birth defects due to Agent Orange. In this regard, numerous studies revealed that dioxin levels are still in place in the blood samples of the citizens of both North and South Vietnam.,The chemical also caused immense environmental damage in Vietnam, with more than 3,100,000 hectares (31,000 km2) of forest being defoliated ( for comparison's sake, Taiwan measures 36,197 km2).,Opinion & AnalysisAnniversary of Agent Orange Disaster: Only United Can We Relieve the Suffering of Many Generations10:21 GMT,Agent Orange-related issues also emerged in the US after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of health problems, including skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, type 2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, prostate cancer and leukemia.,1979 saw a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of 2.4 million US veterans, who were exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam. In 1984, seven major US chemical companies that manufactured the defoliant agreed to pay $180 million in damages to the veterans or their next of kin.,Vietnam War,The 1955-1975 Vietnam War, which involved Laos and Cambodia, pitted communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong revolutionary organization against South Vietnam, supported by Washington.,Preconditions for the war pertained to the desire of North Vietnam, which defeated the French colonial administration in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist authority, like in the Soviet Union or China. The South Vietnamese government, for its part, sought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West.,The US was concerned over the spread of communism to South Vietnam and then to the rest of Asia, which prompted Washington to end money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese government.,On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese boats attacked a US Navy destroyer, the USS Maddox, patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin near Vietnam, in what was used by the White House as a pretext to escalate the war and send American combat units to the South East Asian country. However, the US costs and casualties in the war prompted Washington to withdraw American troops by 1973, and a couple of years later, South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North.,An array of war crimes was committed by the US military during the war, including the My Lai massacre, in which up to 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, including women, children, and infants, were killed by US Army soldiers on March 16, 1968.,Another war crime pertains to Operation Speedy Express, conducted by the US Army in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta between December 1968 and May 1969 as part of the American military’s effort to pacify the Viet Cong. The operation led to 5,000 to 7,000 casualties who were reported to have been civilians.。 新增病例中，3553人为再次感染，44人为90天内重复感染。 报告的死亡病例中，1人20多岁，2人40多岁，1人50多岁，5人60多岁，7人70多岁，20人80多岁，10人90多岁。
二 | 17名女性，28名男性。 死亡病例分布地区及年龄，卫生部截图 迄今，新西兰共有3569例新冠病例死亡。 新西兰已累计报告2519095例新冠病例。 前一周新增6814例病例，再往前一周的新增病例为7881例。 据早前报道，新西兰的第五波新冠疫情引发了接种加强针的人数激增，在圣诞节前几周，感染率仍在上升。 新冠建模师Michael Plank教授表示，过去两周有迹象表明，许多地区的病例数量可能开始下降，但圣诞派对季可能会带来激增。 奥塔哥大学流行病学家Michael Baker教授鼓励人们在节日社交活动中采取措施避免感染。 建议人们在封闭、拥挤或密闭空间佩戴口罩。 如果感到不适，远离有较高患病风险的朋友和家人，如婴儿、老年人、免疫功能受损者和残疾人。
三 | 卫生局继续敦促任何符合条件的人接种加强针。
四 | 相关阅读： 新西兰第5波疫情下，接种加强针人数激增 疫情通报：上周新增6814例，逾半数为再感染；一名儿童死亡 疫情通报：病例数飙升，过去一周新西兰新增近8000例（7881） 新增病例数呈上升趋势，过去一周新西兰新增近6000例（5947） 新西兰这波疫情或在圣诞前达到高峰 专家称新西兰迎来第5波疫情，敦促人们接种加强针 澳第八波疫情恐超数千人死亡！新州州长确诊！澳洲或迎第3次“新冠圣诞” 澳洲新一轮疫潮恐致数百万人“中招”！感染高峰或很快到来，专家呼吁民众警惕 注：本文为编译/原创，欢迎转发分享；但严禁复制等未经授权的非法使用。违反上述声明者，本网将追究其相关法律责任。
五 | 使用授权请联系[email protected]。 chineseherald.co.nz All Rights Reserved 版权所有 (责编：twinkle) 来源 - 相关内容 上周末又有30多个医疗和礼拜场所收到威胁邮件，警方正在全力追查 新西兰第5波疫情下，接种加强针人数激增 节前针对邮政工作人员的暴力行为增多，邮局提醒人们尽快寄出礼物 新一轮降雨上线，本周阴雨天气什么时候结束？ 奥克兰夜间又发生盗窃案，四名青少年被捕 民宅内查获42处大麻种植点 警方提醒房东：注意检查你的房产 两位幸运儿分享乐透一等奖 都来自奥克兰 奥克兰一店被抢，一人重伤。
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